ACA Ethical Standards free essay sample

The primary use of assessment tools is to aid educational, career and clinical counselors in determining personal, emotional, social traits and behaviors of their clients. For clinical counselors, these tools are supposed to help diagnose and evaluate psychological ailments so that proper treatment will be given by qualified practitioners (Hood Johnson, n.d.). About 20% of adult females suffer from chronic depression (Scott, 2008). This psychological condition is usually diagnosed through personality inventory assessment tools. Symptoms of this problem are recurring; sometimes patients appear and feel normal which could possibly yield conflicting results if the assessment instrument selected is not appropriate and performed by unqualified practitioner. Considering the sensitivity and criticality of this problem, it is important that only qualified, highly trained counselors select, perform, evaluate and interpret the appropriate assessment instruments particularly when dealing with female adult patients suffering from chronic depression (Scott, 2008). Thus the American Counseling Association and the United States government issued safety nets to assure ethical practices in the evaluation, assessment and interpretation of psychological assessment instruments to protect individuals subjected to these tests and assure that the use will promote the people’s well-being instead of creating more problems. We will write a custom essay sample on ACA Ethical Standards or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The ACA Ethical Standards has many significant implications on the assessment of individuals particularly on our subject clients, adult females suffering from chronic depression. It sets rules on the â€Å"competence to use and interpret assessment instruments† (ACA Ethical Standards Casebook, 2006, p. 104). Only those who have the appropriate training and qualifications are allowed to perform, evaluate and interpret results of assessment tools. Different assessment tools require different expertise. The Association issues accreditation certificates or licenses for every assessment instrument used. Along with this permission is the big responsibility laid on the counselor. Because like health and medical practitioners, people’s lives are at stake and misuse and malpractices may be disastrous. Another major rule is â€Å"informed consent in assessment† (ACA Ethical Standards Casebook, 2006, p. 105). How the counselor explains and makes the client consents and understands the procedures and results of the tests is very critical. It is important to consider the value of human rights, the right of every person to know what is being done to her. Those with clinical concerns like our subject clients with chronic depression need utmost care because improper ways and choice of words may aggravate the health condition of the patients. â€Å"Diagnosis of Mental Disorders† (ACA Ethical Standards Casebook, 2006, p. 106) is another important aspect that should be considered. It is not a simple black-and-white, reveal- what-is-written situation. In cases of mental disorders and other clinical cases, particularly in our subject patients, counselors do not immediately divulge results to clients. They should have the competence to assess the condition of the patient whether these patients will be able to handle knowing their true condition. It is therefore important that the counselor weigh the value of informing and method of informing. This decision is a big responsibility to the counselor. It is also important to consider multi-cultural diversity in the selection and implementation of tests. The ethical standards stress caution on â€Å"assessment techniques that were normed on population other than that of the client† (ACA Ethical Standards Casebook, 2006, p. 109). Counselors should be concerned on social and cultural exposures of their clients, and consider differences in age, gender, ethnic groups, religion and even economic status. The logic of the ACA Ethical Standards is valuing the client as a human being and the client as a unique individual. Therefore anybody tasked to administer psychological assessment instruments bears the heavy responsibility to protect the life as well as the rights of every individual subjected to these tests. Competency and professionalism of the counselor are crucial in the effectiveness of any psychological assessment instrument. References ACA Ethical Standards Casebook. (2006). American Counseling Association. Library of Congress. Herlihy, Barbara, Corey, Gerald.   6th Edition. Hood, Albert Richard Johnson, (n.d.). â€Å"Personality Inventories† Assessment in Counseling 4th Edition. American Counseling Association. Chapter 11. Scott, Glenn. (2008). â€Å"Symptoms of Chronic Depression† Amazines. Retrieved 14 January 2009 from https://www.amazines.com/article_detail.cfm?articleid=697489

Pre AND Post 1900 Comparative Essay Example

Pre AND Post 1900 Comparative Essay Example Pre AND Post 1900 Comparative Essay Pre AND Post 1900 Comparative Essay In this essay, I have chosen to compare and contrast the following two poems Even Tho by Grace Nichols and To his Coy Mistress by Andrew Marvell. These two poems were roughly written three centuries apart, and so the social factors and religious beliefs as well as other things were different. Therefore different ideas would be portrayed in the poems.In the 17th century when To his Cot Mistress was written, women were not known for writing poems about love let alone sex, as womens opinions werent respected. If a woman was sent a poem like the one that Andrew Marvell wrote, then she would probably go weak at the knees and do whatever was asked of her. However, in the late 20th century, when Even Tho was written, womens opinions and rights were respected in society and more and more female poets emerged with some ideas that were once thought unacceptable for women.One other main factor that affected the ideas portrayed in these poems is partly to do with religion and partly to do with what used to be thought of as socially acceptable and what is thought as socially acceptable now. At the time To his Coy Mistress was written, women were expected to keep their virginity until they were married. This is why the poem is set out as an argument, trying to persuade his lover to have sex with him. This is different to the time when Even Tho was written because women were not expected to stay a virgin.I will now discuss the similarities and differences between the content of the first poem, To his Coy Mistress and the second poem Even Tho. The first poem To his Coy Mistress is unusual for the time as it has an untraditional structure. It has no verses but it has three sections each with a different number of lines. The fact that it has no verses suggests that the subject of the poem never really changes, only the perspective of the poet. This is so, that the poet can present an effective argument. In the poem, some of the sentences carry on to the next line this is to in crease the pace and build up a good argument. Another reason for why it is unusual for its time is because of the purpose. At the time that the poem was written, women were expected to keep their virginity until they were married, but the poet is asking his lover to lose her virginity, although they arent married.The three different sections separate the different parts of the argument that he is putting across. In the first section, we see the poet describing what he would do if he could spend eternity with his lover, A hundred years should go to praise thine eyes, and on thy forehead gaze. In the second section, he is saying that although it would be nice to do the things which he said in paragraph one, he cant because he wont live forever and she will eventually die with her quaint honour. A quote to show this would be, Nor, in thy marble vault, shall sound my echoing song: then worms shall try that long preserved virginity. The final section concludes the argument by saying what they should do in order that his mistress does not die having never expressed her love towards her lover.I think, that from the perspective of the poets mistress, the poem is quite successful. This is because the poet uses some very effective methods to persuade his lover. In the first section, he sweet-talks his lover before scaring her into bed with thoughts of death in the second section. This is why the structure is very good as in my opinion, it allows the poet to separate the poem into three separate parts, creating an effective argument.The second poem, Even Tho by Grace Nichols is in many ways very different. Her ideas would have been seen as very controversial if they were expressed at the same time as To his Coy Mistress was written. We can see this from the purpose of the poem, the intention being to inform her lover that she wants sex without the commitment. This is unlike the woman in To his Coty Mistress as she has to be heavily persuaded to do such a thing. At the ti me Even Tho was written, women were far more in control of their own lives and didnt succumb to obsequiousness as easily.A way that these two poems are similar is that they both have an untraditional structure. Even Tho, is very much a free verse poem, in that it doesnt have a set number of lines per verse or a set number of words per line. It also has very little punctuation. This enables it to highlight the untraditional ideas it contains. This is similar to the reasoning behind an unconventional structure in To his Coy Mistress. Both of these poems are written in the first person, this means that both of the poets can reinforce their emotions by making the poem more personal. Again, Even Tho and To his Coy Mistress are partly similar in purpose; they both express emotion and give the poets view on their relationship.The manner in which the poets express their emotions are quite different. In Even Tho, the poet uses a positive and light-hearted tone to put across her feelings, whe reas in To his Coy Mistress, Grace Nichols uses more traditional ideas of love as well as his unorthodox views on his relationship with his lover.In my opinion, both poems may well be seen as relatively offensive because they are very biased as they only take into account their own opinions. What about the other person in the relationship? They may desire something different! To his Coy Mistress is especially offensive because the poets requirements are just sexual pleasure.As is to be expected, the language of these two poems is very different in many ways. The vocabulary in To his Coy Mistress is very dated as the poem was written in the mid 17th century. Unfamiliar words like thou and thine are used, which could be difficult to comprehend for the majority of people in this day and age.There is a lot of imagery used in this poem to create a picture in our minds of the poets lover and the relationship that they share. The poet uses metaphors such as Times winged chariot and Iron ga tes of life. He also uses similes, for example, the youthful hue, sits on thy skin like morning dew. In addition to this simile, this sentence shows us another technique, which is called personification. All of these techniques, plus some very elaborate descriptions build up some very apparent images.The poem rhymes all the way through in couplets and this is one of the only regularities in this poem. This means that when you read the poem, as well as picking up the untraditional ideas, you also sense the regularity, which makes the poem easier to identify with. It also has the same alliteration in it, for example: long love and love at lower rate. These are both to be found in the first section, along with some assonance that gives similar sounds, for example: shouldst rubies find. These are all soft, sumptuous and loving sounds which comply with the messages in the first section. As you would think, the second section contains more hard sounds, for example: turn to dust and the th ird section contains dramatic and indicative ideas and so uses sounds to back these up, for example: instant fires and rough strife.The poem appeals to a couple of the senses, mainly sight because of all the imagery used and sound because of the descriptions used associated to sound. The beat of the poem is also regular, as it has approximately 8 10 syllables per line; this suggests that it flows when read.The vocabulary of Even Tho is very different to that of To his Coy Mistress, mainly because it was written much later, round about the 1970s or 1980s. This meant that the language was much more up to date. The time that it was written also means that it was possible for the poem to be written with a Caribbean dialect. An example of this is, Keep to de motion, and leh we go.It was very unusual to see a poem written in a Caribbean dialect from the period in which To his Coy Mistress was composed, so this highlights a difference between the two poems. The dialect allows the poet to bring in some of her ethnicity and culture to her work.A connection between the two poems is that they both use ample amounts of imagery. In Even Tho metaphors are used, for example: Im all watermelon and star apple and plum when you touch me. This metaphor shows us what the poet is feeling. Grace Nichols uses juicy, soft fruits to describe it because thats how she feels. The poem is very short, and due to this, we dont find any similes or personification, but the poem does have some very interesting descriptions to create images, such as, you be banana, I be avocado, which describes the male and female sex organs the banana symbolizes the penis as it is very hard and long, whereas the avocado denotes a vagina as it is very warm, soft and in particularly red! This type of imagery is somewhat different to that used in To his Coy Mistress as it is more intimate, light-hearted and humorous, unlike the romantic and sometimes frightening imagery of To his Coy Mistress. The sounds to the poem are one of the keys to its success. Assonance such as watermelon, strar apple and plum gives juicy and sumptuous sounds that appeal very much to the readers sense of taste and touch. The imagery used when talking about the male and female sex organs, banana and avocado is quite amusing, and so appeals to the readers sense of sight.Besides the poem being outwardly funny, it has a relatively fundamental underlying message about the poets relationship, which is shown in the poets choice of repetition. The reiteration of Even Tho and leh we break free, is what tells the poets lover exactly what she wants from their relationship. She wants to be an individual even tho she enjoys having fun and spending time with her lover.In my opinion, the poem is similar to To his Coy Mistress when it comes to pace and rhythm as they are both irregular and so stressing their equally unorthodox messages.In conclusion, I would say that these poems arent completely unrelated, and the main thing that influences their differences is the time in which they were written. They both have similar purposes, only the perspective changes. It is largely male in To his Coy Mistress, but incredibly female in Even Tho. Another way that time has made the poems more different is the way that they are presented. To his Coy Mistress is presented as an argument that is trying to persuade the poets lover to give in to her passion for the poet and lose her virginity.However, Even Tho is more of a story than an argument. This is because she doesnt feel that she needs to persuade men to do what she wants them to do, only tell them how she feels. Andrew Marvell felt that he needed to persuade his lover, as simply making a suggestion would not be enough. These are just a few examples of the ways that they are different, and of course, there are many more, but we must remember the simple similarities. Both poems are about sexual relationships, they are both written in the first person and to conclude, they both express emotions!My particular favourite out of the two poems has to be Even Tho. The reason being, it is so simple, but yet has so many layers of meaning and tone. It is also comical as the imagery is fairly explicit as it talks about bananas and avocados representing the sexual organs on a humans body. The poem Even Tho also has a far more informal style of writing than To his Coy Mistress and communicates to more than just the poets lover. All of this is why Even Tho is my favourite poem out of the two.

Analyze the business environment of China Essay

Analyze the business environment of China - Essay Example However, even if only economic considerations are used, we can see that economic trends justify investment in China. As indicated by Figure 1, which is a graph of year-on-year growth on every quarter of the year from 2006 to 2010 latest figures, the real economy of China has been growing within the neighborhood of 10% per annum during the last 4 years. It can be deduced from Figure 1 that the source of Chinese economic growth is mainly internal rather than external. The contribution of net exports in the last four years was from about negative to about half of real growth. However, even in periods where net exports have been decreasing at a high 10%, Chinese economic growth has continued to be in the neighborhood of 10%, confirming that growth is largely internally driven rather than driven by exports. Looking at figure 2, we also see that despite the uncertainties and threat of a global crisis in 2009 arising from the crisis in the United States originating from its sub-prime housing market, real economic growth in China has remained respectable at around 5 or 6%. External conditions, especially US economic conditions, can affect China but based on the US crisis years of 2008, 2009, and 2010, the effect will not be of a magnitude that will drive Chinese economic growth into the negative territory. The real economic growth from 2001 to 2010 is likely over and above the Chinese annual population growth, implying that with the economic growth; the quality of life in China is more likely improving. Or, at least, the growth figures are of the type that has the potential to significantly improve the quality of life for many of the people of China. Figure 2 is also showing that China has ceased to be an agricultural country. First, growth figures are higher in industry and services sectors rather than agriculture. Second, growth in the agricultural sector